The parental leave can alleviate the problem of declining population growth and rapid aging.

Abstract

Over the past few years, more and more countries have faced aging populations and declining fertility rates. This phenomenon mostly occurs in some developed countries, even their GDP ranking is very high. Results show that although some policies in stable fertility and support the elderly have achieved some success, there is still a major challenge. While fiscal spending is higher, the population of Japan and South Korea still face continuing problems, while Germany and Italy as a result of the comprehensive family policy and achieve more balance as a result, Iceland’s population change has subsided, but it is still facing economic restrictions. This work emphasizes the management complexity of fertility rates falling in the aging population and highlights the continued necessity of policy innovation and adaptation. The results contribute to a broader understanding of the demographic trends and policy response and provide insights into the social and economic background of the strategy in the future.