Calculate the resilience value amongst 4 cities in Yangtze River Delta region in China to discover the changes in urban resilience under the impact of COVID-19

Authors

  • Jiayin Wei

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61173/ar348v40

Keywords:

Yangtze River Delta, Urban resilience, COVID-19, Entropy method

Abstract

The global spread of the COVID-19 has had a significant impact on lots of cities. However, this crisis also provides a crucial opportunity to determine the drawbacks in the city’s construction and propose solutions for improvement. In detail, the fluctuations in a city’s urban resilience values between 2020 and 2022 can present its ability of withstand the disaster or recover quickly. This constitutes the central idea of the study. This study will discuss the concept of urban resilience, introduce the four target research cities located in the Yangtze River Delta of China, explain the rationale for selecting the entropy method and the specific calculation process, present the design ideas of the indicator system and justify the selection of certain specific indicators, analyse the calculated values, and finally offer recommendations for future construction in each city. In the Explanation section, a substantial amount of research on the targeted city is cited to provide a reasonable explanation for some strange calculation results. The division of urban resilience into five aspects (economic, infrastructure, ecological, social and community) allows for the identification of specific weaknesses, which in turn informs the targeted suggestions made for each city in the subsequent section. Furthermore, the successful experience of analogous urban construction in the past is also referenced, thus rendering these suggestions highly feasible.

References

[1] National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China 2020, The latest situation of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic as of 24:00 on June 30, viewed 29 July, 2024, <http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/yqtb/202007/a98e49570be24 eaf88de98e6e6217fc8.shtml>.

[2] National Bureau of Statistics of China 2021, China Statistical Yearbook of 2021, viewed 29 July, 2024, <https://www.stats.gov. cn/sj/ndsj/2021/indexch.htm>.

[3] Meerow, S., Newell, J.P. and Stults, M. (2016) ‘Defining urban resilience: A Review’, Landscape and Urban Planning, 147, pp. 38–49. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.011.

[4] Mariani L. 2018, Urban Resilience Hub, viewed 28 July, 2024, <https://urbanresiliencehub.org/>.

[5] Klein, R.J., Nicholls, R.J. and Thomalla, F. (2003) ‘Resilience to natural hazards: How useful is this concept?’, Environmental Hazards, 5(1), pp. 35–45. doi:10.1016/j.hazards.2004.02.001.

[6] Carmin, J., Nadkarni, N. & Rhie, C. (2012) Progress and Challenges in Urban Climate Adaptation Planning: Results of a Global. Available at: https://www.cakex.org/sites/default/ files/documents/Urban_Adaptation_Report_23May2012.pdf (Accessed: 5 August 2024).

[7] Yi, J. J., Hu, J. & Huang, Y. X. (2023) ‘Study on the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and dynamic prediction of urban resilience in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River urban agglomeration’, Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, pp. 2312-2325. Available at: https://www.yangtze.org. cn/details_page.html?id=5526846&date=5 (Accessed: 20 July 2024).

[8] You, X., Sun, Y. & Liu, J. (2022) ‘Evolution and analysis of urban resilience and its influencing factors: A case study of jiangsu province, China’, Natural Hazards, 113(3), pp. 1751– 1782. doi:10.1007/s11069-022-05368-x.

[9] Zhu, Z. Y., Zheng, Y. H. & Hong, J. K. (2021) ‘The Measurement of Urban Resilience and Its Influencing Factors Under the COVID-19’, Journal of Engineering Management, 35(4), pp. 53-58. doi:10.13991/j.cnki.jem.2021.04.011.

[10] Chen, J. et al. (2021) ‘What determines city’s resilience against epidemic outbreak: Evidence from China’s COVID-19 experience’, Sustainable Cities and Society, 70, p. 102892. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2021.102892.

[11] Wang, H. F. & Wang, W. (2024) ‘Pattern Evolution and Spatial Spillover Effect of Urban Resilience in the Yangtze River Delta’, Geography and Geo-Information Science, pp. 1-10. Available at: https://link.cnki.net/urlid/13.1330. p.20240801.0919.004 (Accessed: 16 August 2024).

[12] Wang, X., Wang, C. X. & Shi, J. L. (2024) ‘Spatial and temporal evolution of urban resilience and its transition mechanism in Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration’, Scientia Geographica Sinica. Available at: https://doi.org/10.13249/ j.cnki.sgs.20221172 (Accessed: 16 August 2024).

[13] GaWC 2020, GaWC ranking 2020, viewed 1 September, 2024, <https://ivysauro.github.io/CNRT/data/GaWC.html>.

[14] Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Statistics 2023, Shanghia Statistical Yearbook 2022, viewed 23 July, 2024, .

[15] Nanjing Municipal Bureau of Statistics 2023, Statistical Communiqué on National Economic and Social Development of Nanjing 2022, viewed 20 July, 2024, <https://tjj.nanjing.gov.cn/ njstjj/202303/t20230324_3871053.html>.

[16] Hefei Municipal Bureau of Statistics 2024, Statistical Communiqué on National Economic and Social Development of Hefei 2023, viewed 20 July, 2024, <http://tjj.ah.gov.cn/ssah/ qwfbjd/tjgb/sjtjgbao/149403961.html>.

[17] Hangzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics 2024, Statistical Dean&Francis ISSN 2959-6149 Communiqué on National Economic and Social Development of Hangzhou 2023, viewed 20 July, 2024, <https://tjj.hangzhou. gov.cn/art/2024/3/15/art_1229279682_4246532.html>.

[18] Li et al. (2024) ‘Thoughts on the role of communities in the COVID-19 pandemic and their prevention and control capabilities’, Modern Nurse, 31(3), pp. 145-148. Available at: https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/ddhs202403037 (Accessed: 1 September 2024).

[19] Zhu, J. H. & Sun, H. X. (2020) ‘Research on Spatialtemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Urban Resilience of China’s Three Metropolitan Agglomerations’, Soft Science, 34(2), pp. 72-79. Available at: https://g-city.sass.org.cn/_upload/ article/files/39/2f/1859417741dc85ed683a6046b83b/fc0f1452- e52f-4e1a-8104-0143a2ed9cbf.pdf (Accessed: 18 August 2024).

[20] Nanjing Municipal Bureau of Statistics 2022, Nanjing Statistical Yearbook 2021, viewed 23 July, 2024, .

[21] Shirowzhan, S. et al. (2018) ‘Spatial compactness metrics and constrained voxel automata development for analyzing 3D densification and applying to point clouds: A Synthetic Review’, Automation in Construction, 96, pp. 236–249. doi:10.1016/ j.autcon.2018.09.018.

[22] Tao, X. D. (2023) ‘Shanghai’s Comperhensive Construction of a Safe and Resilient City: Experience, Problems and Strategies’, Science Development, 170, pp. 66-74. Available at: http://www.yrdcpcn.com/upload/2023/0413/24cdf40d-9434- 4a3b-8b37-7d94257e38df.pdf (Accessed: 22 August 2024).

[23] Kearney 2022, 2021 Global Cities Report, viewed 22 August, 2024, <https://www.kearney.com/service/globalbusiness-policy-council/gcr/2021-full-report>.

[24] Institute of Policy and Economics, China Academy of Information and Communications Technology 2020, China Regional and Urban Digital Economy Development Report, viewed 23 August 2024, <https://5gai.cctv.com/2020/12/29/ ARTIdEi8YG5gJP8IuKUdG7Le201229.shtml>.

[25] Shi, Y. J. & Yue, W. Z. (2022) ‘Present situation and countermeasures of the construction of resilient city in Hangzhou’, City and Disaster Reduction, pp. 63-67. Available at: http://vertical.591adb.cn/journal/article_wqjd_3782988.html (Accessed: 22 August 2024).

[26] Hangzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics 2023, Hangzhou Statistical Yearbook 2022, viewed 23 July, 2024, .

[27] Zhang, J. and Wang, T. (2023) ‘Urban resilience under the COVID-19 pandemic: A quantitative assessment framework based on system dynamics’, Cities, 136, p. 104265. doi:10.1016/ j.cities.2023.104265.

[28] Yan, X. M. (2021) Shanghai builds strong barrier with precision epidemic prevention. Available at: https://web.archive. org/web/20220806091712/http://sh.xinhuanet.com/2021-09/17/ c_1310192603.htm (Accessed: 22 August 2024).

[29] Shanghai Municipal Government 2022, Shanghai has further strengthened epidemic prevention and control measures, viewed 24 August, 2024, <https://www.shanghai.gov.cn/sjzccs/2 0220312/33cbc07816f84f998f1eb2de0135e45e.html>.

[30] Hefei Municipal Bureau of Statistics 2023, Hefei Statistical Yearbook 2022, viewed 23 July, 2024, <https://tjj.hefei.gov.cn/ tjnj/2023nj/index.html>.

[31] Kong, L. C. & Liu, Z. B. (2019) Research report on the high-quality integrated development level of the Yangtze River Delta region. Available at: https://idei.nju.edu.cn/_upload/article/ files/bb/59/ccfc55944717b7587fdbe92f149a/4d845733-ebf0- 4c54-afa7-c5d2fbd27f79.pdf (Accessed: 24 August 2024).

[32] Wu, S.Y. & Shi, Z.Y. (2022) ‘Study on spatial-temporal differences of tourism economic development in Zhejiang Province’, Geographical Science Research, 11(05), pp. 468–477. doi:10.12677/gser.2022.115048.

[33] Yang, G. T. & Zhang, C. X. (2019) ‘Singapore’s successful experience in environmental protection and waste disposal Enlightenment for Shanghai’s implementation of waste classification’, Journal of Green Science and Technology, 22, pp. 92-94. Available at: https://g-city.sass.org.cn/_upload/article/ files/b8/f0/613af5644514a32015a576c494f3/0f8820f7-2846- 4a0c-97b6-69685a28e62d.pdf (Accessed: 25 August 2024).

[34] Shanghai New York University 2021, A conversation with NYU Shanghai sociology professor Miao Jia on the role of neighborhood committees during the pandemic lockdown, viewed 2 September 2024, <https://shanghai.nyu.edu/cn/is/ how-are-neighborhood-organizations-helping-residents-duringshanghai-lockdown>.

[35] Souhu Net 2023, In order to attract overseas returnees, Hangzhou has introduced a series of favorable policies, allowing overseas students to directly settle down, viewed 2 September, 2024, <https://www.sohu.com/a/668233435_120893954>.

[36] Shanghai Points Net 2024, 2024 Shanghai international students will settle down, viewed 2 September, 2024, .

[37] Hu, H. C. (2024) ‘Anhui smart community construction: current situation, difficulties and promotion strategies’, Journal of Shaanxi Academy of Governace, 38(1), pp. 33-37. Available at: https://m.qikan.cqvip.com/article/ArticleDetail?id=7111445928 (Accessed: 25 August 2024).

Downloads

Published

2025-03-02

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Volume 3, Issue 1

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 by the authors.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.