Short-Form Video and Middle-Aged Users: A Scoping Review and Research Gap Analysis

Authors

  • Siyu Han

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61173/agqcm546

Keywords:

Short-form video, Middle-aged adults, Social media use, TikTok

Abstract

This rapid scoping review outlines the range, distribution, and themes of conducted peer-reviewed articles among middle-aged adults’ (aged 45–64) usage of short-form videos. Searches of Scopus and Web of Science (English, 2020–2025), retrieved 343 articles,of which 8 articles met the inclusion criteria. Finding suggests an increase in publications in the previous 5 years, geographically centered in China and the US. Research methods include qualitative methods like ethnography, quantitative study approaches like surveys, content analysis, and mixed methods. The identified studies mainly focus on the influence and the usage of SFV on middle-aged individuals, both benefits like reducing loneliness and improving well-being, as well as potential risks of problematic use and further digital addiction. Active content creation and participating in short-form videos not only helps middleaged users to maintain social connections, but also helps them to express themselves, and moreover, fosters the sense of social belonging, which all contribute to a positive perspective towards ageing. Our research reveals that the middle-aged user group is an active but under-researched short-form video participants. Future research should broaden the geographical and cultural research background, as well as adopt a more longitudinal research approach, to examine middle-aged users’ short-form video engagements from a more comprehensive perspective.

References

growingly use SFV platforms for different purposes, from Development [in Chinese]. Retrieved November 1, 2025, from seeking information and creative self-expression, to look- https://www.cnnic.net/n4/2024/0829/c88-11065.html ing for communities experiencing social belonging and [4] Yang Y, Goh B. ByteDance’s Chinese version of TikTok hits improving self-value and satisfaction. This rapid review 600 mln daily users [Internet]. Reuters. 2020 Sep 15 [cited 2025 found that using SFV applications for middle-aged indi- Nov 1]. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/world/asiaviduals provides both opportunities that provide a channel pacific/bytedances-chinese-version-tiktok-hits-600-mln-dailyfor their social connection, self-empowerment, and benefit users-2020-09-15/ their health and wellbeing, and challenges (problematic [5] Chapple C. TikTok crosses 2 billion downloads after best use, and influence of misinformation), which all contrib- quarter for any app ever [Internet]. Sensor Tower; 2020 Apr [cited ute to a unique usage pattern. 2025 Nov 1]. Available from: https://sensortower.com/blog/ However, the current studies remain limited in scope. Re- tiktok-downloads-2-billion stricted our research database to two and peer-reviewed [6] Cambridge University Press. Middle age. In: Cambridge articles in English only, which may lead to the missing Dictionary [Internet]. [cited 2025 Oct 16]. Available from: Dean&Francis Siyu Han https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/middle- review of the impact of TikTok on adolescent mental health. age European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2025;34(5):1511– [7] Minkin R, Horowitz JM, Aragão C. Demographic and 1527. doi:10.1007/s00787-024-02581-w. economic characteristics of adults 50 and older without children [19] Sattora EA, Ganeles BC, Pierce ME, Wong R. Research on [Internet]. Pew Research Center; 2024 Jul 25 [cited 2025 health topics communicated through TikTok: a systematic review Nov 1]. Available from: https://www.pewresearch.org/social- of the literature. Journalism and Media. 2024;5(3):1395–1412. trends/2024/07/25/demographic-and-economic-characteristics- doi:10.3390/journalmedia5030088. of-adults-50-and-older-without-children/ [20] Jain L, Velez L, Karlapati S, Forand M, Kannali [8] National Library of Medicine (US). Middle Aged [MeSH R , Yo u s a f R A , e t a l . E x p l o r i n g p r o b l e m a t i c Ti k To k descriptor data]. In: MeSH Browser [Internet]. Bethesda use and mental health issues: a systematic review (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); [cited 2025 Oct of empirical studies. Journal of Primary Care & 16]. Available from: https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ Community Health. 2025;16:21501319251327303. ui?ui=D008875 doi:10.1177/21501319251327303. [9] Bruine de Bruin W, Parker AM, Strough J. Age differences in [21] Jungselius B. A scoping review of current research on reported social networks and well-being. Psychology and Aging. social media use among children and adolescents. Discover 2020;35(2):159–168. doi:10.1037/pag0000415. Psychology. 2024;4:116. doi:10.1007/s44202-024-00226-2. [10] Lachman ME. Mind the gap in the middle: a call to study [22] Kebede AS, Ozolins L-L, Holst H, Galvin K. Digital midlife. Research in Human Development. 2015;12(3–4):327– engagement of older adults: scoping review. Journal of Medical 334. doi:10.1080/15427609.2015.1068048. Internet Research. 2022;24(12):e40192. doi:10.2196/40192. [11] Eddy K. 8 facts about Americans and TikTok [Internet]. [23] Cotten SR, Schuster AM, Seifert A. Social media use and Washington (DC): Pew Research Center; 2024 Dec 20 [cited well-being among older adults. Current Opinion in Psychology. 2025 Nov 1]. Available from: https://www.pewresearch.org/ 2022;45:101293. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.12.005. short-reads/2024/12/20/8-facts-about-americans-and-tiktok/ [24] Bhatiasevi V. The uses and gratifications of social media [12] CSM Media Research. (2024, October 24). “Quality and their impact on social relationships and psychological wellto a new realm, intelligently steering all screens”: All- being. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2024;15:1260565. doi:10.3389/ media communication innovation conference & 2024 CSM fpsyt.2024.1260565. client annual meeting concluded [in Chinese]. Retrieved [25] Tricco AC, Langlois EV, Straus SE, editors. Rapid reviews N o v e m b e r 1 , 2 0 2 5 , f r o m h t t p s : / / w w w. c s m . c o m . c n / to strengthen health policy and systems: a practical guide

Content/2024/12-03/1043177959.html [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. (WHO/ [13] Cui K, Zou W, Ji X, Zhang X. Does digital technology make HIS/HSR/17.24). [cited 2025 Nov 1]. Available from: https:// people healthier: the impact of digital use on the lifestyle of wkc.who.int/resources/publications/i/item/2017-08-10-rapid- Chinese older adults. BMC Geriatrics. 2024;24:85. doi:10.1186/ reviews-to-strengthen-health-policy-and-systems-a-practicals12877-023-04651-1. guide [14] Creighton TB. Digital natives, digital immigrants, [26] Campbell F, Sutton A, Pollock D, Garritty C, Tricco AC, digital learners: an international empirical integrative review Schmidt L, et al. Rapid reviews methods series: guidance on of the literature. ICPEL Education Leadership Review. rapid scoping, mapping and evidence and gap map (‘Big Picture 2018;19(1):133–141. Reviews’). BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine. 2025;30(4):268– [15] · Bennett S, Maton K, Kervin L. The ‘digital natives’ 277. doi:10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112389. debate: a critical review of the evidence. British Journal of [27] Peters MDJ, Godfrey CM, Khalil H, McInerney P, Parker Educational Technology. 2008;39(5):775–786. doi:10.1111/ D, Soares CB. Guidance for conducting systematic scoping j.1467-8535.2007.00793.x. reviews. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare. [16] Zhang L, Jung EH. The more engaging, the more enjoyable? 2015;13(3):141–146. doi:10.1097/XEB.0000000000000050. Age matters in predicting perceived enjoyment with different [28] Munn Z, Peters MDJ, Stern C, Tufanaru C, McArthur A, Facebook activities. Frontiers in Psychology. 2022;13:994337. Aromataris E. Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.994337. for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping [17] Galinkala P, Atkinson E, Campos-Castillo C. Age variation review approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology. among US adults’ social media experiences and beliefs about 2018;18:143. doi:10.1186/s12874-018-0611-x. who is responsible for reducing health-related falsehoods: [29] Arksey H, O’Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a secondary analysis of a national survey. JMIR Aging. methodological framework. International Journal of Social 2024;7:e56761. doi:10.2196/56761. Research Methodology. 2005;8(1):19–32. doi:10.1080/1364557 [18] Conte G, Di Iorio G, Esposito D, Romano S, Panvino F, 032000119616. Maggi S, et al. Scrolling through adolescence: a systematic [30] Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O’Brien KK, Colquhoun Dean&Francis ISSN 2959-6149 H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews intention on short-video platforms from a lifespan development (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Annals of Internal perspective. Aslib Journal of Information Management. Medicine. 2018;169(7):467–473. doi:10.7326/M18-0850. 2024;76(5):869–893. doi:10.1108/AJIM-10-2022-0460. [31] Garritty C, Gartlehner G, Nussbaumer-Streit B, King VJ, [40] Li C, Wang Y. Short-form video applications usage and Hamel C, Kamel C, et al. Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods functionally dependent adults’ depressive symptoms: a cross- Group offers evidence-informed guidance to conduct rapid sectional study based on a national survey. Risk Management reviews. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2021;130:13–22. and Healthcare Policy. 2024;17:3099–3111. PMCID: doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.10.007. PMC11646470. [32] World Health Organization. Rapid reviews to strengthen [41] Nilsson G. Our boy Whitey: middle-aged women’s happy health policy and systems: a practical guide [Internet]. Geneva: object on TikTok. Social Media + Society. 2024;10(3):1–11.

World Health Organization; 2017. (WHO/HIS/HSR/17.24). doi:10.1177/20563051241269307. [cited 2025 Nov 1]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/ [42] Cooper RA. #PositiveAging: a content analysis of bitstream/handle/10665/258698/9789241512763-eng.pdf positive aging TikTok videos. International Journal of [33] Peters MDJ, Godfrey C, McInerney P, Munn Z, Tricco Aging and Human Development. 2025;101(1):48–67. AC, Khalil H. Chapter 11: Scoping reviews. In: Aromataris E, doi:10.1177/00914150241297895. Munn Z, editors. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis [Internet]. [43] Huang Q, Hu M, Chen H. Exploring stress and problematic Adelaide: JBI; 2020 [cited 2025 Nov 1]. Available from: https:// use of short-form video applications among middle-aged doi.org/10.46658/JBIMES-20-12 Chinese adults: the mediating roles of duration of use and flow [34] JBI. 10.2.2 Developing the title and question (Scoping experience. International Journal of Environmental Research and reviews). In: JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis [Internet]. Public Health. 2022;19(1):132. doi:10.3390/ijerph19010132. Adelaide (AU): JBI; [cited 2025 Oct 17]. Available from: https:// [44] Xu J, Ramayah T, Arshad MZ, Ismail A, Jamal J. Decoding jbi-global-wiki.refined.site/space/MANUAL/355862667/10.2.2 digital dependency: flow experience and social belonging in %2BDeveloping%2Bthe%2Btitle%2Band%2Bquestion short video addiction among middle-aged and elderly Chinese [35] Zhu S, Karagioules T, Halepovic E, Mohammed A, users. Telematics and Informatics. 2025;96:102222. doi:10.1016/ Striegel AD. Swipe along: a measurement study of short video j.tele.2024.102222. Epub 2024 Dec 5. services. In: Proceedings of the 13th ACM Multimedia Systems [45] Nugent GR, Anselmi D, Chin BN. Social media, conspiracy Conference (MMSys ’22); 2022 Jun 14–17; Athlone, Ireland. beliefs, and COVID-19 vaccines: a survey study of emerging

New York (NY): Association for Computing Machinery; 2022. p. and middle-aged adults in the United States. Social Sciences. 123–135. doi:10.1145/3524273.3528186. 2025;14(1):34. doi:10.3390/socsci14010034. [36] Zeng J, Kaye DBV. From content moderation to visibility [46] Lachman ME, Teshale S, Agrigoroaei S. Midlife as moderation: a case study of platform governance on TikTok. a pivotal period in the life course: balancing growth and Policy & Internet. 2022;14(1):79–95. doi:10.1002/poi3.287. decline at the crossroads of youth and old age. International [37] Qu M. The study on Tik Tok interactive modes and future Journal of Behavioral Development. 2015;39(1):20–31. interactive video strategy development. In: Khalil A, Zha JS, doi:10.1177/0165025414533223. editors. Proceedings of the 2022 8th International Conference [47] Vlachantoni A, Evandrou M, Falkingham J, Gómez-León on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2022). M. Caught in the middle in mid-life: provision of care across

Atlantis Press; 2022. p. 1746–1750. (Advances in Social multiple generations. Ageing and Society. 2020;40(7):1490– Science, Education and Humanities Research; vol. 664). 1510. doi:10.1017/S0144686X19000047. doi:10.2991/assehr.k.220504.316. [48] Gaugler JE, Pestka DL, Davila H, Sales R, Owen G, [38] Yu X, Zhang Y, Zhang X. The short video usage motivation Baumgartner SA, et al. The complexities of family caregiving and behavior of middle-aged and old users. Library Hi Tech. at work: a mixed-methods study. International Journal of 2024;42(2):624–641. doi:10.1108/LHT-09-2021-0318. Aging and Human Development. 2018;87(4):347–376. [39] Wang C, Yan J, Zhang Y, Huang L. Investigating doi:10.1177/0091415017752936. Epub 2018 Jan 18. PMCID: determinants of middle-aged and elderly users’ video-creating PMC6994175.

Downloads

Published

2026-02-28